What is the most common malignancy of the orbit?
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy to metastasize to the orbit, followed by prostate cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer. In women with bilateral enophthalmos, metastatic scirrhous breast cancer should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
What is Extraconal space?
The extraconal orbital compartment or extraconal space is the space within the orbit outside the musculofascial cone. The base of which is anterior and is formed by the orbital septum that surrounds the equator of the globe. The external sides are formed by the bones of the orbit and their periosteum.
What causes orbital mass?
The most common types of orbital tumors vary considerably by age, but include cysts, vascular lesions (arising from blood vessels), lymphomas, neurogenic tumors (arising from nerves), and secondary tumors (either metastatic or spread directly from the surrounding sinuses or cranium).
What is the most common orbital tumor in adults?
The most common benign orbital tumor of adults is the cavernous hemangioma (in contrast to the capillary hemangioma for children). Patients have slowly progressive painless proptosis with a mass indenting the globe, showing striae in the retina and a flattened globe on imaging studies.
What are orbital spaces?
Tenon’s space provides another point of surgical access to the orbit. Finally, adjacent structures to the orbit may play a role in orbital pathology or surgical access and are referred to as the extraorbital space. These structures include the nose, sinuses, brain, skin, and conjunctiva.
What is the orbital fascia?
The periorbita, also called the orbital periosteum or orbital fascia, covers the bones of the orbit (Figure 8-17). This dense connective tissue membrane serves as an attachment site for muscles, tendons, and ligaments and is a support structure for the blood supply to the orbital bones.
What kind of lesions occur in the extraconal orbital space?
Extraconal orbital lesions. Dr Daniel J Bell ◉ and Dr Amir Rezaee et al. Extraconal orbital lesions include lesions which arise from structures within the extraconal orbital space and those extending from adjacent structures into the orbits.
How is a CT scan used to diagnose orbital mass?
CT may be used to aid in diagnosis and may show phleboliths in the venous compartment of the lesions and bony abnormalities. MRI is more useful to locate the lesions in the orbit and identifying its vascular composition.
Which is a differential diagnosis of orbital metastasis?
Given the clinical history of lung carcinoma, a presumptive diagnosis of orbital metastasis was made. The differential diagnosis of the diffuse infiltrative pattern should include nonvascular etiologic factors.
What are the symptoms of an orbital mass?
Typical presentation revolves around acute onset, rapidly progressive deep, boring orbital pain and headache. Proptosis, lid swelling, chemosis, and decreased ocular motility with tenderness may be present as well.