What happened in Bush v Vera?
The Supreme Court, in a plurality opinion, held that race was the predominant factor in the creation of the districts and that under a strict scrutiny standard the three districts were not narrowly tailored to further a compelling governmental interest.
How did Bush v Vera affect redistricting quizlet?
In a 5-to-4 decision, the Court held that the Texas redistricting plans were unconstitutional. The Court also held that the totality of the circumstances surrounding the proposed districts would deprive minority groups of equal participation in the electoral political processes.
What did Shaw v Reno violate?
Reno, 509 U.S. 630 (1993), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in the area of redistricting and racial gerrymandering. The court ruled in a 5-4 decision that redistricting based on race must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny under the equal protection clause.
What did the Miller v Johnson decision state?
Johnson, 515 U.S. 900 (1995), was a United States Supreme Court case concerning “affirmative gerrymandering/racial gerrymandering”, where racial minority-majority electoral districts are created during redistricting to increase minority Congressional representation.
What happened in Hunt v Cromartie?
Cromartie, 526 U.S. 541 (1999), was a United States Supreme Court case regarding North Carolina’s 12th congressional district. The Court ordered the state of North Carolina to redraw the boundaries of the district. …
What was the ruling in Shaw v Reno?
Learn about this topic in these articles: ” In Shaw v. Reno (1993), the Court ruled that electoral districts whose boundaries cannot be explained except on the basis of race can be challenged as potential violations of the equal protection clause, and in Miller v.
What was the decision in Shaw v Reno quizlet?
The court ruled in a 5-4 decision that redistricting based on race must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny under the equal protection clause. -The court ruled in a 5-4 decision that redistricting based on race must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny under the equal protection clause.
What does the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment say?
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Why was Baker v Carr brought to Court?
The case arose from a lawsuit against the state of Tennessee, which had not conducted redistricting since 1901. The state of Tennessee argued that the composition of legislative districts constituted a nonjusticiable political question, as the U.S. Supreme Court had held in Colegrove v. Green (1946).
Why is gerrymandering illegal quizlet?
Representatives are reapportioned based on the population of each state, relative to other states. Tactics such as “packing” black voters into a given district or “cracking” them to make black voters a minority in all districts can be illegal.