What is the politeness principle?

What is the politeness principle?

The politeness principle (PP) is formulated according to Leech (1983: 81) as follows: in its negative form “minimize (other things being equal) the expression of impolite beliefs” and in the corresponding positive form: “Maximize (other things being equal) the expression of polite beliefs”.

What is the maxim of politeness principle?

There are six maxims of politeness principles, but in this research the lecturer just used five types of politeness principles, namely: Tact Maxim, Generosity Maxim, Approbation Maxim, Modesty Maxim, and Agreement Maxim.

What are the six maxims of politeness?

POLITENESS PRINCIPLE Further, Leech proposed six maxims, namely Tact Maxim, Generosity Maxim, Approbation Maxim, Modesty Maxim, Agreement Maxim, and Sympathy Maxim.

What are politeness strategies?

In sociolinguistics and conversation analysis (CA), politeness strategies are speech acts that express concern for others and minimize threats to self-esteem (“face”) in particular social contexts.

What are examples of politeness?

Politeness is defined as behaving in a socially acceptable way with proper manners and etiquette. When you stand up to greet guests as they enter a room and you keep your elbows off the table during dinner, this is an example of politeness.

What are positive and negative politeness?

According to Brown and Levinson’s assumption in politeness theory based on Goffman’s “face”, one’s face is categorized into two forms: positive and negative. Whereas positive face involves a desire for connection with others, negative face needs include autonomy and independence.

What is positive politeness example?

Positive politeness strategies are intended to avoid giving offense by highlighting friendliness. These strategies include juxtaposing criticism with compliments, establishing common ground, and using jokes, nicknames, honorifics, tag questions, special discourse markers (please), and in-group jargon and slang.

What are the different types of politeness theory?

Politeness theory relies, in part, on the idea that there are different kinds of face: positive face and negative face. Positive face reflects an individual’s need for his or her wishes and desires to be appreciated in a social context.

How are power and distance related to politeness?

Power refers to the perceived power dynamic between speaker and hearer. As a speaker, is the targeted hearer a superior, subordinate, or at about your same social level? Distance refers to the amount of social distance between speaker and hearer. As a speaker, is the targeted hearer a close friend or a distant colleague?

Why does politeness assume that we all have face?

Politeness assumes that we all have face, and we all have face wants and needs. Further, there are different types of face threatened in various face-threatening acts, and sometimes the face threats are to the hearer, while other times they are to the speaker.

Is the politeness principle in cross-culture communication?

In many ways, politeness is universal. It can be observed as a phenomenon in all cultures; it is resorted to by speakers of different languages as a means to an end and it is recognized as a norm in all societies.