What are Aldonic acids used for?
… 1,2 Aldonic acids belong to the class of sugar acids, and some aldonic acids such as lactobionic acid and maltobionic acids have many potential applications in the food, medical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and chemical industries due to their antioxidant, chelating and humectant properties.
How is aldonic acid formed?
The aldonic acid formed by the oxidation of carbon 1 in glucose is designated gluconic acid. Stronger oxidation affects both aldose terminal carbons (C1 and C6), producing dicarboxylic acids. These diacids are called aldaric acids. The glucose derivative is glucoaldaric acid.
What is another name for D-Glucaric acid?
D-Glucaric acid, otherwise known as saccharic acid, is the product of oxidizing sugars or polysaccharides with nitric acid.
Is lactone an Aldonic acid?
Aldonic acids cannot exist in hemiacetal ring forms but can form cyclic structures by forming an ester linkage between the carboxylic group and one of the hydroxyl groups of the same molecule. This type of cyclic ester is known as a lactone (e.g., D-glucono-l, 5-lactone, Figure 9-12).
Is sugar acidic or basic?
Sugar and artificial sweeteners are highly acidic foods, which is one of the reasons the consumption of sweets has recently been linked to so many health ailments.
What is the chemical formula for an aldonic acid?
An aldonic acid is any of a family of sugar acids obtained by oxidation of the aldehyde functional group of an aldose to form a carboxylic acid functional group. Thus, their general chemical formula is HOOC-(CHOH) n -CH 2 OH. Oxidation of the terminal hydroxyl group instead of the terminal aldehyde yields a uronic acid,…
Which is the optically inactive aldaric acid D-galactose?
This experiment by itself does not establish the identity of d -galactose because d -allose also gives an optically inactive aldaric acid. However, this experiment separates the aldohexoses into two groups of compounds: the six that give optically active aldaric acids and the two that give optically inactive aldaric acids.
Which is an example of an optically inactive aldonic acid?
If the aldonic acid formed by oxidation is optically inactive, the hydroxyl groups occur in a symmetrical arrangement. For example, d -galactose gives an optically inactive aldaric acid This experiment by itself does not establish the identity of d -galactose because d -allose also gives an optically inactive aldaric acid.
How is the production of aldonic acid achieved?
The production of aldonic acids is traditionally achieved by chemical oxidation of sugars [96,97].