What does Perls Prussian blue react with to produce the visual contrast?
In Perls’ Prussian or Berlin blue reaction (Max Perls, 1843–81), the section is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to release ferric ions from binding proteins. These ions will react with potassium ferrocyanide to produce an insoluble blue compound.
What is Perls Prussian blue stain used for?
The stain is an important histochemical stain used to demonstrate the distribution and amount of iron deposits in liver tissue, often in the form of a biopsy. Perls’s procedure may be used to identify excess iron deposits such as hemosiderin deposits (hemosiderosis) and in conditions such as hereditary hemochromatosis.
What is the principle of Perls method?
The principle of Pearl’s Prussian blue reaction is that potassium ferrocyanide will form ferric ferrocyanide (Prussian blue) with reactive ferric salts in an acid solution. Dilute hydrochloric acid liberates loosely bound ferric iron from protein.
What is Prussian blue reaction?
Prussian Blue or Perls’ reaction is used to demonstrate ferric iron and ferritin. The protein is split off by the hydrochloric acid, allowing the potassium ferrocyanide to combine with the ferric iron. This forms the ferric ferrocyanide or Prussian Blue.
Is hemochromatosis stained by Prussian blue?
Hepatic Pathology. A Prussian blue iron stain demonstrates the blue granules of hemosiderin in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. Hemochromatosis can be primary (the cause is probably an autosomal recessive genetic disease) or secondary (excess iron intake or absorption, liver disease, or numerous transfusions).
How does Prussian blue stain work?
Prussian blue reaction involves the treatment of sections with acid solutions of ferrocyanides. Any ferric ion (+3) present in the tissue combines with the ferrocyanide and results in the formation of a bright blue pigment called Prussian blue, or ferric ferrocyanide.
What is Prussian blue formula?
The pigment Prussian blue consists of iron cations, cyanide anions, and water. Thus, the formula that gives a truer idea of its composition is Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3. Its formal name is iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II).
When Prussian blue is formed?
Prussian blue was first synthesized about 1704 by the reaction of salts of iron in the +2 oxidation state (ferrous salts) with potassium ferrocyanide; the initial product, an insoluble white compound called Berlin white, was then oxidized to the blue pigment.
What is a substitute for Prussian blue?
Winsor Blue was created as a stable and lightfast version to replace Prussian blue.
What’s another name for Prussian blue?
Names for Prussian blue:
| Alternative names: | Milori blue, iron blue, Berlin blue |
|---|---|
| Non-English names: | German French Italian Berliner Blau bleu prussien blue di Prussia, azzuro di Berlino |
| Origin: | artificial |
| Chemical name: | Iron(III)-hexacyanoferrate(II) |
What type of stain is Prussian blue?
The Prussian blue Iron stain is used to demonstrate ferric (Fe3+) iron in tissues. The mode of action for the Prussian blue iron stain is to treat the tissue with an acidic solution (hydrochloric acid).
When was the Perls Prussian blue reaction first used?
In some tissues iron is tightly bound to proteins and cannot be demonstrated . In such cases, if treated with hydrogen peroxide, iron is released and then demonstrated by using Perls Prussian blue reaction. It was discovered in 1706 and was first used as synthetic colour in paints by Diesbach in Berlin.
What kind of iron is in Perls Prussian blue?
The method stains mostly iron in the ferric state which includes ferritin and hemosiderin, rather than iron in the ferrous state. Section of liver stained with Perls Prussian blue, showing iron accumulations (blue) consistent with homozygous genetic hemochromatosis.
Why do you use Perls Prussian blue on bone marrow?
Perls Prussian blue is commonly used on bone marrow aspirates to indicate levels of iron storage and may provide reliable evidence of iron deficiency. Perls did not publish a detailed procedure other than indicating a dilute potassium ferrocyanide solution was applied to the tissue followed by hydrochloric acid.
When did Max Perls invent Perls stain?
In 18th century, Prussian blue was uniform coat colour worn by infantry and artillery regiments of Prussian army and later by German soldiers. In 1867, German Pathologist, Max Perls described it as histochemical stain and hence Known as “Perls Prussian Blue” or Berlin blue.