Who discovered Fluorescence Spectroscopy?
Figure 1 – Epi-Fluorescence Microscope British scientist Sir George G. Stokes first described fluorescence in 1852 and was responsible for coining the term when he observed that the mineral fluorspar emitted red light when it was illuminated by ultraviolet excitation.
What is the origin of fluorescence?
The term fluorescence is derived from the name of a rock. It was left to Sir George Stokes (1819 – 1903), a mathematics professor at the University of Cambridge, to give the effect its name. In the early 1850’s Stokes noted the color shifting effects in the mineral fluorspar and investigated in greater detail.
Who developed the concept of fluorescence in the life sciences?
The term “fluorescence” was first introduced by the British scientist Sir George Stokes who observed fluorescence when irradiating fluorspar (fluorite) with UV radiation and a red-shift in the resulting emitted light, which he reported in his 1852 publication “on the change of refrangibility of light” [40].
What is the purpose of fluorescence spectroscopy?
Fluorescence spectroscopy is a spectroscopy method used to analyze the fluorescence properties of a sample by determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample. This technique is widely used for measuring compounds in a solution, and it is a relatively easy method to perform.
What is the difference between luminescence and fluorescence?
The main difference between fluorescence and luminescence is that luminescence describes any process where photons are emitted without heat being the cause, whereas fluorescence is, in fact, a type of luminescence where a photon is initially absorbed, which causes the atom to be in an excited singlet state.
What are the origins of fluorescence and phosphorescence?
Fluorescence occurs when radiation is emitted from the first excited singlet state S1 that is reached by previous absorption of a photon. Phosphorescence occurs when radiation is emitted from the triplet state T1 after intersystem crossing from S1.
Where is fluorescence used?
Fluorescence is often used to analyze molecules, and the addition of a fluorescing agent with emissions in the blue region of the spectrum to detergents causes fabrics to appear whiter in sunlight. X-ray fluorescence is used to analyze minerals.
What are the main principles of fluorescence spectroscopy?
Fluorescence is a photon emission process that occurs upon molecular relaxation from an electronically excited state to an electronic ground state. Molecules with the ability to fluoresce are known as fluorescence dyes, fluorophores, or fluorochromes. The main principles of fluorescence are presented by the Jablonski diagram (Fig. 17.12).
When did George Stokes invent fluorescence microscopy?
In 1852, George Stokes described Herschel’s observation of fluorescence in greater detail 2. Since Ernst Abbe demonstrated the limitations of microscopy using transmitted light 3, expectations were high for the implementation of fluorescence into microscopy.
Who was the first scientist to discover fluorescence?
British scientist Sir George G. Stokes further studied this discovery, and he observed that fluorescence emission from an object represents a longer wavelength than the UV light that originally excited the object.
What are the recent developments in fluorescence microscopy?
Recent developments improved both visualization and quantification by fluorescence microscopy imaging and established a methodology of fluorescence microscopy. By outlining basic principles and their historical development, I seek to provide insight into and understanding of the ever-growing tools of fluorescence microscopy.